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Background: Professional grooming and professional development are important for growth not just positive image but also respect in the place of work. Objectives: The objective of the study was to check the influence of personal characteristics of preceptor on professional grooming of nursing students. Materials and methods: A crosssectional, descriptive, qualitative, correlational study design was used to check the relationship between preceptor characteristics and professional grooming of nursing students. The study was carried out in 117 students of under graduation from LSN, the University of Lahore. Convenient sampling technique was used for data collection. Inventory of Learning Environment (CLEI=19), preceptorship relationship scale, self-esteem scale, assessment of clinical professional competence questionnaire and registered nurse ‘readiness’ for work questionnaire were used in this study after informed consent. Results: The results of the study was positive significant relationship was found between personal characteristics of preceptor and professional grooming of student nurses which was checked by Pearson correlational test on SPSS version 23. The responses of significant values of preceptor personal characteristics and professional grooming were 1 and 0.616 and significant values were p>0.000. Above values showed the positive significant relationship between variables. Conclusion: Preceptor knowledge based on theoretical and practical, and personal characteristics of the preceptor was proved important components in this study. Most of the students, who participated in this research, have perceived the positive significant relationship between preceptor characteristics and professional grooming which enhanced the self-esteem, nursing professional behavior/competence and readiness for work related to the clinical learning environment. Moreover, according to the results of the study, efforts should be involved by stakeholders to develop the relationship between preceptor and students for the production of competent nurses in the future.
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Due to inconsistency in demand and supply of fishmeal there is immense need of alternate protein sources. Present project was therefore designed to replace costly fishmeal (FM) with low-priced fermented fish silage (FFS) in fish feed. Fermented fish silage was prepared by fermentation process using Lacto bacillus bacteria and its fatty acid profile and effect on digestive system of Labeo rohita was investigated. Lipid contents were isolated by Soxhlet apparatus and recorded as 6.23 ± 1.23 g/100g of fermented fish silage (FFS). Fatty acid profile of extracted Lipids was determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC), sufficient amount of unsaturated fatty acids were found with pattern mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) > saturated fatty acids (SFA) >poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Three treatment diets containing 100% silage (T1), 75% silage (T2) and 50% silage (T3) were prepared by mixing it with soybean meal (SBM) and rice bran as co-ingredients while fermented fish silage was replaced by fishmeal in control diet (T0). The experiment was conducted in glass aquaria in triplicate. Fish growth parameters were recorded fortnightly while physicochemical parameters of water were recorded on daily basis. After completion of feeding trial, three fish were randomly dissected to excise out their intestines and determine activity for protease, amylase and lipase enzymes. Non-significant differences (P<0.05) were recorded in growth parameters and enzymatic activity among all diets except lipase enzyme. Deceptively, it can be concluded that FFS has reasonable concentration of nutrients and unsaturated fatty acids so it can successfully replace fishmeal in fish diets.
Devido à diferença na procura e na oferta de farinha de peixe há imensa necessidade de qualquer membro suplente da fonte de proteína. Tão presente projeto foi projetada para substituir a dispendiosa farinha de peixe (FM) com barato peixe fermentado de ensilagem (FFS) em alimentos para peixes. FFS foi preparado pelo processo de fermentação usando Lactobacillus bactérias e seu perfil de ácidos graxos e efeito sobre o sistema digestivo de Labeo rohita foi investigado. Conteúdo lipídico foram isoladas pelo aparelho de Soxhlet e registadas como 6,23 ± 1,23 g/100g de FFS. Perfil de ácidos graxos extraídos de lipídios foi determinada por cromatografia líquida de gás (GLC). Quantidade suficiente de ácidos graxos insaturados foram encontrados com padrão MUFA > SFA > AGPI. Tratamento de três dietas contendo silagem de 100% (T1), 75% silagem (T2) e 50% silagem (T3) foram preparados misturando com farinha de soja (SBM) e farelo de arroz como co ingredientes enquanto FFS foi substituído pela FM na dieta controle (T0). O experimento foi conduzido em aquários de vidro em triplicado. O Crescimento dos peixes foram anotados os parâmetros quinzenal enquanto parâmetros físico-químicos de água foram registradas diariamente. Após a conclusão do teste de alimentação, três peixes foram aleatoriamente dissecada a impostos especiais de consumo os seus intestinos e determinar a atividade de protease, enzimas amilase e lipase. As variações não significativas (P<0,05) foi registrada em parâmetros de crescimento e atividade enzimática entre as dietas exceto enzima lipase mostrou diferença significativa entre as dietas de tratamento. Aparentemente, é possível concluir que a concentração razoável de FFS tem nutrientes e ácidos graxos insaturados de modo que ela possa substituir com êxito a farinha de peixe na dieta de peixes.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids , Fish Flour , Fishes , AmylasesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The presence of geneticdiversity is of great importance in improving wheat traits and developing strategies for optimal conservation of germplasm. Genetic diversity was assessed among common wheat cultivars using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers at the Center of Agriculture, Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. RAPD primers were used among 14 Pakistani wheat cultivars, to screen the progenies and for the identification of the genes of interest. The polymorphic information content (PIC), was measured as the percentage of polymorphic fragments for all primers. A total of 583 bands(84% polymorphic) in all 14 wheat cultivars was amplified and discriminated all the wheat genotypes. The number of fragments amplified per primer ranged from 35 to 69 with an average of 48.52 fragments per primer averagely was observed. Population structure analysis anddandrogram showed distinct clustering among different wheat genotypes. Millat-11, Punjab-11, PBW-222 generated the maximum level of polymorphism, standing alone in the cluster while others are scatteredin different group.As a result, genetically numerous progenies are known, increasing the quality of sorts collections by broadening the genetic base of wheat cultivars. This study additionally indicates that RAPD markers allow quicker response and provide high throughputprocedure of accessions from a variety assortment to assess genetic diversity among wheat genotypes.
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La Alianza en Pro del Personal Sanitario fue lanzada en el año 2006 para brindar una plataforma conjunta a los gobiernos, a las asociaciones de desarrollo, las agencias internacionales, las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, academia, el sector privado, las asociaciones profesionales y otros actores interesados, para trabajar juntos a fin de enfrentar la crisis global de los recursos humanos en salud. Cinco años después, la visión y el mandato de la Alianza aún son válidos. A pesar de los avances, como el ubicar a personal de la salud en el ruedo internacional de la política de salud, el aumento del conocimiento, las herramientas disponibles y las señales alentadoras de compromisos de muchos países, los cuellos de botella de la fuerza laboral de la salud siguen impidiendo a muchos sistemas de salud entregar servicios de salud esenciales y de calidad. América Latina no está libre de estos desafíos. En el 2010 el Segundo Foro Mundial sobre Recursos Humanos para la Salud permitió revisar el progreso, identificar brechas persistentes, alcanzar un consenso sobre soluciones y renovar el impulso para el compromiso de las inversiones y actuaciones urgentemente requeridas.
The Global Health Workforce Alliance was launched in 2006 to provide a joint platform for governments, development partners, international agencies, civil society organizations, academia, private sector, professional associations, and other stakeholders to work together to address a global crisis in human resources for health. Five years later the vision and mandate of the Alliance still remain valid. Despite advances in bringing the health workforce to the fore in international health policy arenas, more available knowledge and tools, and encouraging signs of commitments from many countries, health workforce bottlenecks continue to prevent many health systems from delivering essential and quality health services. Latin America is not spared from the challenges. The 2010 Second Global Forum on Human Resources for Health provided an opportunity to review progress, identify persisting gaps, reach consensus on solutions, and renew the momentum for and commitment to acutely needed investment and actions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Policy , Global Health , Health Workforce/organization & administration , Staff DevelopmentABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are major health problems associated with blood transfusion practices in Pakistan. This study was conducted on a large population to asses the epidemiology of HCV and HIV in the North West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P) of Pakistan Methods: Between January 2008 and July 2009, 62,251 healthy blood donors (BDs), aged 17-50, were included. In that group, 61,059 (98.1%) were male and 1192 (1.9%) were female. All donors from the 11 areas of N.W.F.P were screened for HCV and HIV antibodies by ELISA (Biokit). Blood groups were also determined. Results: HCV prevalence was 2.6% while HIV infection was 0.045% in this Pakistani population. Prevalence of HCV and HIV in 2008 was 2.4% and 0.049% respectively. In 2009, it was 3.0% for HCV and 0.038 for HIV. Among the age groups, the prevalence of HCV and HIV was not significantly different (p=0.128). Only 1484 (2.4%) of the donors were voluntary, the remaining were paid and family blood donors. The difference in the number of male and female donors was highly significant (p=0.00001). The B+ blood group was found in 30.5% followed by O+ in 25.9%, A+ in 24.9%, AB+ in 10.4%, A- in 2.6%, B- in 2.5%, O- in 2.3%, and AB- in 0.9%. Our study revealed a higher prevalence of HIV than in most of previous reports. Conclusion: The frequency of HCV infection in blood donors is higher in N.W.F.P than in most of the rest of the world and lower than in other regions of Pakistan. Transfusion of infected blood is a common cause of transmission. HIV prevalence is increasing in Pakistan.